Ada yang lagi proses penyusunan skripsi??? atau pengen tau aja tentang gimana sih CONTOH LATAR BELAKANG DALAM BAB I SKRIPSI PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS atau yang lebih dikenal dengan PTK? tenang sobat Shantycr7 ini langsung nih skripsi ku sendiri yang aku posting semoga bisa membantu sobat ya yang berkepentingan,,tapi ingat ya sobat JANGAN COBA-COBA COPAS...plagiat namanya,,,
Oya dalam penelitianku aku menggunakan model pembelajaran learning cycle.....
Oce, setelah ini nanti aku mau posting tips menyusun skripsi (hehhe pada hal aku juga lagi proses ;P)..
Back to topic guys, anyway ini latar belakang skripsi ini tentang jurusan yang aku ambil di kampus yaitu PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI..jadi bukan bahasa inggris tapi penulisannya aja yang aku buat dalam bahasa inggris (berhubung karena skripsiku bahasa inggris)...
Langsung aja deh, ini !
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Study
The field of education is one of the very important field and needs a special
attention from all walks of life because education has a vital role to develop
the human resource that play a role in the formation of students to be assets
of the nation's expected to become productive human. This is in accordance with
the National Education Goal in the Act No. 20 chapter 3 in 2003, namely:
national education aims to develop the potential of learners in order to become
a faith man, piety to Almighty God, noble attitude, healthy, knowledgeable,
competent, creative, independent, and become a democratic and accountable
citizens.
To achieve a good education quality certainly can not be
separated from teaching and learning activity as the main activity in the
school. Maryono and Trisngati (2011) expressed that it can not be denied that
the teaching and learning process in the classroom appeared tending to be
passive, the learning is more focused on the teachers and students still depend
on the teachers, it can be seen from the tendencing of most teachers which
active in talking in front of the class so the students get boring, sleepy and
annoying the other students. Beside that, the choice and utilisation of
learning models is also has an important role because until now there are many
students that are less encouraged in studying because the teachers use the
traditional or convensional learning model.
In achieving the goals of National Education and
improving the quality of education, certainly the teaching and learning process
is quite determine which involve teachers and students. A teacher is the
proffesional personality who has the main duty, namely educating, leading by
hand, guiding, training and evaluating the students. While the students are the
subject of study who have the unic and potensial characteristics which
determine the successful of education. The student’s capability in responding
and implement the materials learning as well as utilize it, has the big effect
in the successful of study.
Uno and Mohamad (2011:198) stated that “there are several
factors which influence the effectiveness of student’s learning, namely the
internal factors that consist of physiological aspects and psychological
aspects”. In the process of teaching and learning, the activeness of learners
is very important and should be noted by educators so that the learning process
will be completely obtaining the optimal results. The teachers just stimulate
the activeness of learners. Teachers can also develop the communication climate
in the classroom during the learning takes place, that is the interactive
feedback between teachers and learners.
Based on the observation conducted by the researcher in
SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun, the researcher has been obtained the
information that the teaching and learning activities as well as the study
result of accounting subject tend to be low. The activities of teacher still
tend to dominate the learning activities so that students take on the subject
material from the teacher and waiting for an explanation from the teacher
without trying to look and find it by themselves by reading or analysing, they lacked
of courage in expressing their opinion, afraid to ask teacher and friends about
the subject material which they do not understand so that there is no
reciprocal reaction from students. Beside that, the teaching methods of teacher is less
creative and just occurred in one direction, namely is the conventional methods
or merely lecturing. That makes the teaching and learning process get boredom
and drowsiness for students, so that they can not absorb the maximum subject
materials.
That case
proven by the data of students’s accounting study result in 3rd
Social Science Grade 11th by the three daily tests, found
that out of 32 students only 16 students (50%) on the first daily test, 14
students (43,8%) in the second daily test and 12 students (37,5%) in the third
daily test stated who achieve the minimum completeness criteria set by the
school namely 65. For more clearly information can be seen through the table
and chart below :
Table 1.1
Trend of Student’s Study Results in 3rd Social Science Grade 11th
in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun
Acd.
Year
|
Class
|
Average
Value
|
Percentage
of Students that Reach the Minimum Completeness Criteria (MCC)
|
Percentage
of Students that DO NOT Reach the Minimum Completeness Criteria (MCC)
|
|
2012/2013
|
3rd
IPS. Grade 11th
|
Daily
Test Value (DTV) 1
|
61,8
|
50%
|
50%
|
Daily
Test Value (DTV) 2
|
60,4
|
43,8%
|
56,2%
|
||
Daily
Test Value (DTV) 3
|
59,2
|
37,5%
|
62,5%
|
||
(Source: List of Daily Test Value of
SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun)
Figure 1.1
Chart of Student’s Study Result in 3rd Social Science Grade 11th
in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun
The
observation result conducted by the researcher further showed that there are
some students who are willing and in passion to study accounting, but many
students were less enthusiastic in studying it and not paying attention to what
teacher said. In addition, the learning conditions are not conducive. The researcher
also saw that in the teaching and learning process, the teacher less in giving
motivation and not creative in utilizing the variation of learning model or
strategy. The students are seemed
used to hearing, noting then memorize the learning material. It makes the
students become bored, lazy and have thought of when the lesson of accounting
subject will going to be over so that some students disturb another students,
playing games through their mobile phone or sending the SMS while waiting the
lesson to be over.
The facts that shown the low of learning and teaching
activities indicate
that the student isn’t competent and qualified. It makes sense that, if the
student isn’t competent, they will be difficult to apply their knowledge in
social life, facing the trouble to find the job because of they have no
qualification. And also if they want to continue their study, they will
difficult to face the challenges in college.
Based
on the discussion the researcher done with the accounting teacher, from year to
year, the topic “preparing the financial statements of service companies”
become the most difficult topic for most of students, it is the last topic of
all topics of accounting in the last semester in the Social Science Grade 11th.
Financial statement is the output
and outcomes of the accounting process that be material information for the
users as one of materials in the decision making process, it also describes the
successful indicator of the company in achieving the goal.
Learning Cycle is one of the learning
model of student centered learning. Through some investigation conducted by the
researcher, this learning model is never implemented yet in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar
Simalungun especially in accounting subject. Based on the past studies, this
learning model is recommended to school to be applied because it is one of the
learning model which is centered the student to the learning process and
actively role the students in the learning process. Based on the issue above it
is needed the teacher’s creativity by selecting and implementing an appropriate
learning model to enhance the activity and study result of accounting subject
in the learning process. In implementing the learning models it is attempted to
use the student centered learning models so that the students have the opportunity to be more
active in studying and easier to understand and absorb the subject learning
materials. For this reason, the researcher try to implement one of the learning
model called Learning Cycle in
accounting subject which is discussed the topic about “preparing the financial
statements of service companies”.
Learning Cycle is one of the learning
model of student centered learning. Learning
Cycle is a learning model that consists of a series of stages of activities
organized in such a way so that the learners can master and competent on the
subject materials that must be achieved in the way of learning with an active
role. This learning model is based on the constructivist
paradigm. This learning model suggests that the learning process can involve
the students in active learning so that there are process of assimilation,
accommodation, and organization in the cognitive structure of students. If
construction process of knowledge occurs well so learner will be able to
increase their understanding to the topic studied.
This model consisted of seven stages which interrelated
one each other, namely elicit, engage, explore, explain, elaborate,
evaluate, dan extend. In
elicit and engage stages, the teacher
tried to encourage and develop the curiosity of students based on the topics
that will be taught. It is done by asking the factual questions about the
process of daily life (related to the topic of discussion). Thus, students will
provide or give the responses or answers, then the teacher can use the
students’s answers as the basis to know their prior knowledge about the topic
that will learned. In explore stage,
student makes some research activities in a small group which consist of
discussing, gathering data or information, observation, guessing and testing
them and making hypotheses based on their experiences and their prior
knowledge. In explain stage, teacher
provides the opportunities for students to demonstrate their understanding or
skills through their own words. In elaborate
stage, the students can practice their new knowledge, suggest solutions,
create new problems and make decisions and introduce logical implications. In evaluate stage, teacher give an
assessment from the elicit stages until elaborate stages, follow-through on
questions, looking for student growth and provide reinforcement of the concepts
learned. In the final stages that is extend
stage, teacher shows the relationship between the concepts learned with
other concept and student can expand it.
Based
on the description above, the researcher is interested in conducting the study
entitled “Enhance the Student's Learning
Activity and Study Result Through the Implementation of Learning Cycle Model in Accounting Subject in 3rd Social
Science Grade 11th in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun at Academic
Year 2012/2013”.
1.2 Identification of the Problems
Based
on the background of the above problems, the researcher have identified some of
the problems encountered are:
1. How to enhance the student’s
learning activity in 3rd Social Science Grade 11th in SMA
Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun?
2. How to enhance the student’s study
result in accounting subject in 3rd Social Science Grade 11th
in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun?
3.
Is
the implementation of Learning Cycle model
can improve the student’s learning activities and study result in accounting
subject in 3rd Social Science Grade 11th in SMA Negeri 2
Bandar Simalungun?
4.
Is
there any significant difference in result intercycle?
1.3 The
Problem Formulation
Based on the identification of the
problems that have been disclosed above, the problem formulation raised in this
research are:
1. How the implementing of Learning Cycle model can enhance the
student’s learning activity in accounting subject in 3rd Social
Science Grade 11th in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun?
2. How the implementing of Learning Cycle model can enhance the student’s
study result in accounting subject in 3rd Social Science Grade 11th
in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun?
3. How the significant difference in
result intercycle?
1.4 The
Problem Solving
According
to the background description above, the issues that in reality that the
activities and student’s study result is still not achieve the desired target,
so the ability of teachers to implement the learning process needs to be
improved. In this case the researcher consult with teacher accounting concerned
about the implement of Learning Cycle
model accompanied with its application steps so that the teacher knows exactly
what it's Learning Cycle
instructional model that will be expected to increase the activity and
student’s study result.
Learning
Cycle is a student-centered learning model. Students take
an active role in making hypotheses, searching for answers to explain all
hypotheses obtained for other students so there will be an exchange of
opinions. Learning Cycle model also
requires linking the material learned in the real world, so students will know
the purpose and usefulness of the material they study.
The
initial stage namely elicit, teacher
gives the motivation and passion about the importance for them to learn the
material to be learned in early learning so that students do not immediately
get bored but excited to learn the material. In this early stage the most
important thing is to know the extent to which teachers have prior knowledge of
students so teachers can condition a student's knowledge of the material. For
example, by asking "What do you know about the accounting cycle?". In
the second stages namely engage stage,
the teacher tries to capture students’s attention,
get students thinking about the subject matter, raise questions in student’s minds,
stimulate thinking, and access prior knowledge.
To arouse the student interest teacher can use a discrepant
event, telling a story, giving a demonstration, or by showing an object,
picture, or brief. The point of this stage is the capturing and construct the
student’s interesting so that they want to know more about the material. The corresponding conversation with the students may
access and add their prior learning in this stage. After the teacher knows about the student’s
prior knowledge, then the teacher has students to make a small discussion
groups consist of four or five students per group and provides an opportunity
for students to observe, collect and record the data, isolate variables,
interpret results, develop hypotheses, and organize their findings over the
discussion. It is called the explore stage.
From this activities, students are encouraged to do assimilation causing
an imbalance in their mental structure (cognitive disequilibrium) and the
emerging questions that lead to the development of high level reasoning. The
emergence of these questions indicate the students’s readiness to pursue the
next stage. the teacher’s role is to provide support and scaffolding. Student’s
role is to construct their own understanding through active experience. After the discussion the next stage is explain. Students report their findings
through their own analysis or discussion result and discoveries to the class.
Teacher allows opportunities to verbalize and clarify the concept and terms and
summarizes the results of the exploration stage. The
teacher guides students toward coherent and consistent generalizations, helps
students with distinct scientific vocabulary and lead the discussion through
the debriefing process. In this stage the teacher can conclude the extend to
which they understand the material being studied and give the assessment. After
the explain stage, the next stage in this model is elaborate. The teacher has students to apply the newly
learned concepts to new contexts. Pose a different (but similar) question and
have students explore it using the concept they have learned. The student do
the questions of teacher. Application of concept can increase of the concept
understanding and motivation to learn because students know the real application
of the concept that learned. This phase is suitable with organization phase in
Piaget theory. In this stage the teacher can lead the student to do what they
must do and observe the student’s activities. The next stage after this is evaluate stage. The teacher evaluates
students’s progress toward achieving the instructional goals. Students learn to
assess their understanding and abilities. As well as the teacher uses the
formative assessment from elicit stage and assess, for example, the design of
the investigation, the interpretation or presentation of the data, or
follow-through on questions, and looking for student growth during the
discussion is taking over. Growth is the desired change in the students’s
understanding of key concepts, principles, and skills in a differentiated
classroom. Expectations vary according to the student’s beginning point.
Summative assessment may be used here to measure achievement and assign a
grade. The final stage is extend. In
this stage the teacher can stimulate the students to find the relationship of
concept that learned with the other concept. It can increase and develop the
students’s reasoning.
After elicit stage to extend stage is completed, so the teacher reasserts all the points
that have been explained by several students. Then the teacher gives criticism
and suggestions for improvement the students. Teacher also expresses the
importance of using this learning model because this model will make them
cooperate and actively to give their opinions and construct their reasoning.
From the
description above, the problem solving of this study is implementing the Learning Cycle leraning model which is
expected can enhance the students’s learning activities and study result of
accounting subject in 3rd Social Science Grade 11th in
SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun which will be applied by The Classroom Action
Research.
1.5 The
Objectives of the Study
Based on
the problem formulation above, the objectives of this study content:
1. To investigate the implementing of Learning Cycle model in enhancing the
students’s activity in accounting subject in 3rd Social Science
Grade 11th in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun.
2. To investigate the implementing of Learning Cycle model in enhancing the
students’s study result in accounting subject in 3rd Social Science
Grade 11th in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun.
3. To know the significant difference in
result intercycle.
1.6 The
Benefits of the Study
The result of this study is expected to provide benefits to
the users of this research information. The benefits of this study are:
1.
To
add the knowledge, reasoning, insight, ability to researcher in applying the
appropriate learning model to enhance the activity and study result of
accounting subject in 3rd Social Science Grade 11th in
SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Simalungun.
2.
As
an input to the school, especially for teachers in applying the learning model
and method that can be used to make students active in learning of accounting
subject in 3rd Social Science Grade 11th in SMA Negeri 2
Bandar Simalungun.
3.
As
a reference and input to academic community of Faculty of Economics, State
University of Medan and other parties in doing the similar study.
Promo Gila sepatu best quality diskon 50%
Baca Juga :
Contoh Kata Pengantar Skripsi dalam Bahasa Inggris
Halo..halo numpang promosi
yah teman2 terkasih..aku pemilik blog ini lagi launching produk sepatu
terbaru kami diskon 50% all items...
Kelebihan
kami adalah saudara2 bisa memesan sesuai model sepatu yang sobat suka
(misalnya sobat sangat suka model sepatu artis yang harganya jutaan tapi
tdk ada uang untuk membelinya, nah sobat bisa pesan ke aku nanti akan
kami buatkan persis seperti pesanan sobat dengan tingkat kemiripan
hingga 99% :)
untuk selengkapnya boleh di lihat
dihalaman sebelah yah :)Promo Gila sepatu best quality diskon 50%
Baca Juga :
Contoh Kata Pengantar Skripsi dalam Bahasa Inggris
Contoh Abstrak Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dalam
Bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia
Tabel Daftar Nilai Distribusi t (df=1-200)
Tabel Daftar Nilai Distribusi t (df=1-200)
0 Comments
